Alleged CRU Emails - 10 results below

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From: Keith Briffa <k.briffa@xxxxxxxxx.xxx>
To: tatm@xxxxxxxxx.xxx
Subject: the paper
Date: Mon Dec 9 15:17:xxx xxxx xxxx

Dear Rashit and Stepan
Thanks for the message and the missing data info. I will
make some additions and include a plot/list of these missing years. I assume
you don't mind me including your plot of the recent Yamal curve and statistics
about crossdating with Polar Urals. I'll send ammended paper as soon as possible. Thanks for the quick reply. Do you have a working fax?
best wishes to you all
Keith

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From: Tim Carter <tim.carter@xxxxxxxxx.xxx>
To: d.viner@xxxxxxxxx.xxx (David Viner - Climate Impacts LINK Project)
Subject: ECLAT 2
Date: Wed, 11 Dec 1996 11:11:18 +0200
Cc: m.hulme@xxxxxxxxx.xxx

Dear David/Mike,

Thanks for sending me the ECLAT 2 proposal. First, let me say that I support
the idea of a continued role for activities co-ordinating and facilitating
the provision of climate change information for EC impacts research and
other related research and policy. ECLAT 2 is one way of achieving this, but
the fact that it is a Concerted Action Initiative imposes some limitations.

The major limitation is that CAIs are not supposed to involve original
research. They are networking activities, with a view on forging research
links and developing new research projects. In my view, there is a need for
a number of targetted research activities on scenario development, that
might be covered by the themes of the workshops you are suggesting in ECLAT
2, but which would be best served by some dedicated research projects. It
really isn't satisfactory to wait until the end of ECLAT 2 before embarking
on research. Many of the key topics are already known, and although research
may be proceeding in some of these areas (especially in downscaling
techniques, scenario development techniques, etc.), what is still lacking is
co-ordination across Europe in the selection and application of climate
change scenarios in impact assessment. In my view, there are two areas in
sore need of targetted research:

(1) A project to analyse all available information from GCMs and historical
data, which will provide some uncertainty bounds on the anticipated future
climate in Europe (by region) for use in policy as well as in impacts
assessment. Such a project should involve GCM groups (interpreting the GCM
outputs), scenario developers (who can apply methods of generalising across
a lot of GCM predictions and emissions scenarios, etc.), and a few impact
analysts, who can advise on suitable scenarios for use in a variety of
applications (entry level or basic scenarios).

(2) A project to develop guidelines for impact analysts on the application
of climate change (and related) scenarios in European impact assessments.
This work would need to be linked closely to any co-ordinated, entry-level
scenarios selected for use in EC projects.

However, unless you have a project proposal in the pipeline at CRU (?) I
don't think there is now time to develop a new proposal to meet the 15
January deadline.

Comments on the draft document:

1. It is unclear to me how Figure 1 relates to the text. The arrows are not
well differentiated in the fax version I have, and the boxes are not explained.

2. Similarly, Figure 2 is also misleading. It implies that there is a large
transfer of information from the CC modelling community to the CC impacts
community, but surely the whole function of the ECLAT SE would be to act as
a filter in this transfer. Note that the title of the figure should be revised.

3. PLEASE REMOVE the reference to ECLAIR - there is no such name! This was a
light- hearted emailed suggestion for ECLAT 2, not for Martin's CA which
doesn't have a name to my knowledge.

4. In the suggested steering committee, I would strengthen the
representation of the impacts community. This could be done by time horizon:
e.g. one hydrologist to cover a range of time periods from sub-daily to
century scale; one forester or soils expert for the long term, one
agriculture person for the medium term (maybe I could represent this
community), desertification/erosion/fire risk person for short to medium
term and/or an integrated assessment person (perhaps three or four persons).
You should try to avoid the group being dominated by GCM'lers (do all GCM
groups have to be represented?)

You might ask Ib Troen if there would be any opportunity to obtain EC
funding BEFORE THE FIFTH FRAMEWORK CALL FOR PROPOSALS for a targetted
research topic, if this was strongly and urgently recommended by a task
group workshop. Might there be special funding from DG XI, ENRICH or the
Environment Agency?

Best wishes,


Tim


************************************
Dr. Timothy Carter
Affiliation: Agricultural Research Centre of Finland
Postal address: c/o Finnish Meteorological Institute
Box 503, FIN-00101 Helsinki, FINLAND

Tel: +xxx xxxx xxxx
Fax: +xxx xxxx xxxx
Email: tim.carter@xxxxxxxxx.xxx
************************************

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From: Richard Warrick <cearsr@xxxxxxxxx.xxx>
To: 'Mike Hulme' <m.hulme@xxxxxxxxx.xxx>
Subject: RE: Scengen and CC:Train
Date: Thu, 16 Jan 1997 10:00:48 xxx xxxx xxxx

Dear Mike,

Thanks for your detailed reply concerning Scengen and CC:Train. I was not
proposing to incorporate Scengen in a major way into the training package,
and I am quite aware of the problems of consistency regarding aerosol
effects, natural variability, etc. Rather, I thought that the training
package would be an excellent way to introduce the existence of Scengen
(and MAGICC) to the Country Teams which are responsible for coordinating
national assessments. (the intention was NOT to provide intensive
technical training in its use -- the country team members are largely
coordinators, not technical climate experts). In this way, when it comes
time to actually carry out the national assessments, Scengen would be
recognised as a major tool for scenario generation and, if appropriate, CRU
could be contacted regarding its application, technical training or
collaboration. You had mentioned to me at the IPCC meeting in London that
one of your major aims was to get Scengen recognised as the "standard" for
scenario generation for impact assessments, and I simply thought I saw a
way of furthering that aim through the CC:Train mechanism.

Given the training programmes that you are currently proposing through
ENRICH and others, I can understand your fears that we might "muddy the
waters". Let me pose the following options; that we

(1) use some hard-copy examples from Scengen;
(2) incorporate a demonstration diskette (do you have one?);
(3) just mention the existence of Scengen;
(4) not mention Scengen at all.

Frankly, I am quite happy with any of these. The part on climate change
scenarios is really only a small bit of the overall V&A training package in
any case.

Good luck with your proposals.

Cheers,
Dick

----------
From: Mike Hulme[SMTP:m.hulme@xxxxxxxxx.xxx]
Sent: Thursday, 16 January 1997 00:45
To: Richard Warrick
Cc: m.kelly@xxxxxxxxx.xxx; tim.carter@xxxxxxxxx.xxx; wigley@xxxxxxxxx.xxx
Subject: Re: Scengen and CC:Train

Dick,

And Happy New Year to you also.

You've posed me a tricky one re. SCENGEN and my answer about it being
incorporated into the CC:Train package as a component tool is going to have
to be 'no'. Let me explain.

We too here have plans to exploit SCENGEN (and MAGICC) in a
training/educational context. I ran a pilot seminar here for UNEP before
Christmas on scenario construction, although this was using the new
WINDOWS/Unix versions of both MAGICC and SCENGEN (MAGICC 2 and SCENGEN 2;
IPCC 1995 compatible) we have re-written. Also, I have just submitted a
proposal (called SPARCCS) to ENRICH in DGXII for a support package for
regional climate change scenarios. This would be a 2-year project with
emissions people, as well as MAGICC, SCENGEN and our new global historic
climatology. I think we have a good chance of funding.

With this background I do not want SCENGEN (and especially the old DOS
version) 'leaking' out into the climate training community at this stage.

I am confirmed in this view by thinking that the complex issues surrounding
scenario creation (and the new IPCC Taskgroup on scenarios for the 3rd
assessment is grappling with these - ask Tim Carter about it) should _not_
be an essential part of a vulnerability/adaptation package. And even if
you
think differently then let me suggest the following: if you think it should
be a minor part then I do not think that you need SCENGEN formally
incorporated; if you think it should be a major part then not only do I
think you are wrong in thinking so, but there is more to the scenario issue
than can be supplied by SCENGEN - for example, you need MAGICC, you need to
consider how you handle aerosols, and you need to think about natural
variability and signal/noise issues.

My feeling is that by all means use SCENGEN within CEARS in thinking about
the training package and coming up with some off-line examples (either
sample scenarios or guided sensitivity), but do _not_ incorporate it in the
package. [By the way SCENGEN does not have imaginery countries!]. If
people want more detailed thinking on scenarios then you could always refer
them to CRU (which is what our speciality is).

I hope you understand my feelings on this - I am not trying to be negative,
but am thinking ahead and about the complexity of the scenario issue. I
have talked with Tim Carter recently at some length about some of these
things so I will copy this correspondence to him.

Good luck with CC:Train anyway and I'm sure you'll come up with something
good.

Regards,

Mike


At 14:41 10/01/97 xxx xxxx xxxx, you wrote:
>Dear Mike,
>
>Happy New Year's Greetings from Downunder!
>
>I have a question for you regarding Scengen that relates to a "training
>package" which CEARS have agreed to develop for CC:Train (under UNITAR).
> CC:Train is currently developing about four such training packages
>pertaining to climate change, of which CEARS has agreed to undertake one,
>on Vulnerability and Adaptation assessment. The V&A and other packages
are
>supposed to be flexible enough to be used under a variety of regional and
>country contexts. These packages build upon existing guidelines and
>manuals (e.g. Carter et al's IPCC Guidelines...) and are designed for
>trainers who will be conducting training workshops for the coordinators of
>national assessments (the CC:Train "Country Teams"). Beginning on 21
>January, Tim Carter will be here for 3 weeks, as will Stephanie Lenhart
>(U.S. Country Studies Program), in order to help with this task. The V&A
>training modules will closely follow the IPCC Guidelines. I have proposed
>developing the package as a kind of role-playing simulation exercise in
>which the participants carry out a mini-assessment for a hypothetical
>country.
>
>One of the major steps in the assessment, of course, is the development of
>climate change scenarios. I thought it would be very effective to use
>Scengen for this purpose, and to make Scengen a component tool of the
>training package. Can I use Scengen for this purpose? One possible
>advantage of doing so is that Scengen could, de facto, quickly become the
>standard method used by various Country Teams in carrying out national
>assessments for UNFCCC reporting (or is this not an advantage?!).
>
>Please advise on how I should proceed.
>
>Best wishes to all at CRU.
>
>Cheers,
>Dick
>
>
------------------------------------------------------------------------
-----
Dr Mike Hulme tel: xxx xxxx xxxx
Climatic Research Unit fax: xxx xxxx xxxx
School of Environmental Sciences email: m.hulme@xxxxxxxxx.xxx
University of East Anglia web site: http://www.cru.uea.ac.uk/~mikeh/
Norwich NR4 7TJ


Mean temperature in C.England during 1996 was 0.3degC below the 1xxx xxxx xxxx
average.
The maximum temperature in Norwich: Tuesday 13 January: 9.1degC.

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From: druid@xxxxxxxxx.xxx (Gordon Jacoby)
To: k.briffa@xxxxxxxxx.xxx
Subject: Russia
Date: Sun, 26 Jan 1997 14:16:xxx xxxx xxxx

Hi Keith:

As you are aware, the situation in Russia is very uncertain with their
unfortunate economic condition, especially science support. There is
interest, hope, and dots on maps showing intent but actual activity is
difficult to judge. In the particular area I am interested in, the Taymyr,
there is no current active tree-ring research going on although it has been
previously sampled and some reports are in preparation. Ed probably told
you that I have submitted a proposal to do work there. My understanding is
that unless there is some external funding support, such as my project,
tree-ring sampling there is in abeyance. Several people, including
yourself, recognize the great potential in the region. From my perspective
it seems that the Polar Urals are being studied, Yokutia to the far east is
being studied, some work has been done by Szeicz and Macdonald at the Lena
but there is need for more intensive effort in Taymyr. I would like to hear
your perspective on the situation.

In a related topic, I am thinking of using the option in Ed's new ARSTAN to
use the regional standardization method. In Russia and other locales the
establishment of trees is episodic. In particular, in Alaska Glenn Juday
has data showing cohort groups being established in favorable times. In
Taymyr also, the establishment of trees is not evenly distributed through
time. There are times of growth and times of demise. This concerns me as it
could affect the development of a regional curve. do you see problems
arising from this?

I am also curious to hear any comments you care to make about my recent
letter to Fritz Schweingruber. He obviously will pursue any style of
sampling and analyses he chooses to. My only contention is that he should
not represent his data as the definitive tree-ring information,
particularly ring-width data. His opinions are influential but there is an
accumulating body of ring-width data that clearly shows him to be missing
much important information with his style of sampling. Scientists and
others should be aware of this fact.

Cheers, Gordon

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From: Arnulf GRUBLER <gruebler@xxxxxxxxx.xxx>
To: naki@xxxxxxxxx.xxx, becon@xxxxxxxxx.xxx, ja_edmonds@xxxxxxxxx.xxx, hm_pitcher@xxxxxxxxx.xxx, Fewewar@xxxxxxxxx.xxx, t-morita@xxxxxxxxx.xxx, rob.swart@xxxxxxxxx.xxx, alcamo@xxxxxxxxx.xxx, knut.alfsen@xxxxxxxxx.xxx, kennethgregory@xxxxxxxxx.xxx, akimoto@xxxxxxxxx.xxx, amann@xxxxxxxxx.xxx, Jean-Paul.Hettelingh@xxxxxxxxx.xxx, m.hulme@xxxxxxxxx.xxx, schlesin@xxxxxxxxx.xxx, streetsd@xxxxxxxxx.xxx, wagner@xxxxxxxxx.xxx
Subject: sulfur discussion paper
Date: Wed, 05 Mar 1997 17:18:58 +0000


Sulfur Emissions in New IPCC Scenarios

Arnulf Gruebler, IIASA


SUMMARY OF PROPOSED ACTIVITIES

1. Review and comments of present sulfur discussion paper
2. Revision by sulfur paper lead author
3. Preparation of comparison of regional sulfur scenarios (by lead
author with inputs from other members of writing team and experts)

Timing: August 1997.

4. Specification of minimum and desirable sulfur emission scenario
characteristics and specification (for modeling teams in open process)
5. Establishment of key relationships between sulfur emissions and
other salient scenario driving force variables (income,
technological change environmental, non-GHG policies) using the
simple metric of sulfur to carbon emission ratios.
6. Adoption of specific sulfur control scenarios in conformity with
overall scenario ``storylines''.
7. Distribution of ``template'' sulfur scenarios to selected modeling teams
for assessment of climate and acidification impacts of sulfur scenarios.

Timing: End of 1997.


DISCUSSION PAPER

1. Introduction

The purpose of this discussion paper is to review briefly
the assumptions on sulfur emissions in the IS92 IPCC scenarios,
advances in knowledge and modeling of future sulfur emission
scenarios since IS92, as well as to initiate a discussion on how
to incorporate future sulfur emissions trends into the new IPCC emissions
scenarios. The present draft will be revised based on feedback
received within the members of the IPCC writing team as well as
additional outside experts.


2. Sulfur emissions in IS92

The treatment of sulfur emissions in the IS92 scenarios was
comprehensive. In addition to the dominant energy sector emissions,
also sulfur emissions from industrial processes and land-use changes
(biomass burning) and (a constant flow) of natural sources were
included in the scenarios.

1990 base year values in IS92 were as follows in MtS
(Million tons, or Tg, elemental sulfur; to obtain
weight as SO2 multiply by 2.):

Energy Sector: 65 MtS
Other Industry: 8 MtS
Biomass burning: 2 MtS
Natural: 22 MtS
TOTAL: 98 MtS

These global base year values are well within the range given by
global sulfur emission inventories of 4 to 45 MtS natural sources
and 65 to 90 MtS anthropogenic sources in 1990 (IPCC, 1995:xxx xxxx xxxx).
A comparison of 1990 base year sulfur emission values from a number
of scenarios and integrated assessment models is enclosed as
attachment.

However, as observed in the evaluation of the IS92 scenarios (Alcamo et al.,
1995) regional sulfur emissions assumed in IS92 (e.g. for China) are
much more uncertain. There is for instance up to a factor two difference
between regionalized estimated of global inventories and aggregates of
national and regional emissions inventories. Thus, the good agreement of
base year values of IS92 at the global level masks important differences
and uncertainties at the regional level.

A first important task for the new IPCC scenarios is therefore to update the
regional sulfur emissions baseline values with the results of
latest regional sulfur emissions inventories. Such inventories are available
for Europe through EMEP and CORINAIR, North America (NAPAP), and more
recently also for Asia (e.g. the Worldbank sulfur project, Foell et al., 1995).

Improved modeling of regional sulfur emissions (and deposition, i.e.
impacts) patterns would also require a redefinition of the world
regions as used in the IS92 scenario series. For instance, Canada
is included in the region OECD-Europe, and the IS92 region "South
Asia" includes both the Indian subcontinent as well as Indonesia.
Their important differences in resource endowments lead to different
patterns of sulfur emissions. Their differing predominant weather
patterns and distinct ecosystems lead to differing acidic deposition
patterns and impacts. Both factors preclude their aggregation into
one single regional model. Active inputs from representatives of all
respective modeling communities (regional acidification impacts, regional
climate modelers, energy systems analysts) will be sought on this
issue and lessons learned within EMF activities (M. Schlesinger) on
appropriate sulfur regionalization (6 world regions) will be extremely
valuable.

Concerning future emissions of sulfur the IS92 scenarios project
global anthropogenic emissions of between 150 to 200 MtS by 2050 and
between 140 to 230 MtS by 2100 in the high growth cases, and of around 80-90
and 60 MtS in the two low scenarios (IS92c and IS92d) by 2050 and 2100
respectively. The IS92 scenario evaluation (Alcamo
et al., 1995:xxx xxxx xxxx) concluded that the IS92 scenario series only
partially reflect recent legislation to reduce sulfur emissions (e.g.
the amendments to the Clean Air Act in the US or the Second
European sulfur protocol). Hence, particularly regional sulfur
emissions in OECD countries projected in IS92 are much higher than
more recent scenarios taking account these legislative changes (as
also discussed by IPCC, 1995:xxx xxxx xxxx). For instance the recent
scenarios of the Commission of the European Communities (EC, 1996)
indicate that sulfur emissions by 2020 will be between 64 to 77 percent
below 1990 emissions levels, or between less than 2 to 3 MtS, compared to
8 in 1990. For comparison, the IS92 scenarios project for OECD
Europe (including Canada) sulfur emissions between 8.4 (IS92a and
IS92b) and 11.7 (all other scenarios) MtS by 2020, i.e. between 2 to
30 percent lower than in 1990 (12 MtS).

In addition, integrated assessment models are increasingly able to
model in greater detail driving forces of sulfur emissions as well
as acidification impacts (cf. discussion below). These model
simulations suggest that particularly in Asia acidification impacts
would require substantial sulfur emission control measures already
much earlier than 2050. The resulting global sulfur emissions
are substantially lower than suggested in the IS92 series: typically
in the range between 20 to 80 MtS by 2050 and between 20 to 120 MtS
by 2100. (A comparison of global sulfur emissions scenarios with and
without specific sulfur control assumptions in enclosed as
attachment.)


3. What's New since IS92 (scientific front)

The importance of aerosols including those from sulfur emissions
is by now widely recognized and considerable progress has been made
to quantify their effect on regional climate, both in large GCM
simulations as well as in more simplified integrated assessment models,
e.g. MAGICC's SCENGEN module (needs checking for details with Mike Hulme)
or Michael Schlesinger's work within the EMF (current status:
uncertain). The importance of sulfur emissions as input to climate models
is therefore larger than ever.

As a result of a major World Bank study on acid rain in Asia also
improved national and regional sulfur emissions inventories have
become available (Foell et al., 1995). Improved emissions
inventories outside North America, Europe (including the European
part of the former USSR), and Asia (excluding Oceania, for which
only sparse data seems to be available) have not been made available
since publication of IS92.
As a result, models and scenarios continue to rely on estimates, largely
based on approximate mass and sulfur balance approaches in the world regions
for the Middle East, Southern Africa, and Latin America (cf. discussion of
data availability below).

Similarly, acidification impact models are increasingly being
refined for regions outside OECD in particular for Asia.
Acidification impact studies for unabated sulfur
emissions of coal intensive ``business as usual'' scenarios indicate
exceedance of critical loads of up to a factor 10 already within the
next three to four decades (Amann et al., 1995) with enormous
impacts on natural ecosystems as well as important foodcrops (Fischer
et al., 1996).

Increasingly also energy sector and integrated assessment models
link regional acidification models with simplified climate models
enabling joint analysis of sulfur and climate policies and
impacts. Examples include the IMAGE model (Posch et al., 1996) and the
IIASA integrated assessment model (Rogner and Nakicenovic, 1996) that are
linked with the acidification model RAINS for Europe and Asia, the AIM
(Morita et al., 1994) model for Asia, or ???? for North America.
These models extend earlier energy sector models that dealt with a
comparative costs assessment of isolated sulfur and carbon reductions,
and joint mitigation respectively, such as the OECD GREEN model
(Complainville and Martins, 1994). The state of knowledge of joint
benefits of sulfur and carbon emission reductions was reviewed in
the 1995 IPCC WG III report (IPCC, 1996: xxx xxxx xxxx) and is expanding
rapidly.


4. Data requirements

The most obvious data requirements concern of course
comprehensiveness of sulfur emissions by major source category
(anthropogenic and natural, energy sector and other industrial sources).
Here the data model of the IS92 scenarios appears appropriate and would only
require a reassessment in view of most recent data concerning regional
emissions (particularly in China, where data uncertainties seem
largest).

A more difficult question concerns spatial disaggregation.
Independent from the question of which formal models are being used
to check for scenario consistency, the outmost spatial detail
currently in driving force models with global coverage available is
at the level of world regions (typically around 10, but going up to
around 20 world regions). Both climate as well as acidification
models require inputs at finer spatial resolution. It is unclear at
present what would constitute a ``minimum'' or ``desirable'' level
of spatial disaggregation for the variety of user communities of new
IPCC scenarios. Existing model links (like with the RAINS model)
could be used in some regions like Europe and Asia to generate
spatially highly disaggregated sulfur emission and deposition maps
as inputs for climate models and for impact assessment studies (e.g.
for agricultural crop yield models). In their most advanced
versions the model links even incorporate regionalized differential
growth trends and thus improve on the standard practice of
renormalizing base year spatial emission and deposition patterns
linearly with a particular sulfur emissions scenario.

For regions where similar links are unavailable, more simplified procedures
will need to be devised, keeping in mind the overall tight time frame of the
scenario exercise. Two data sets (are there more??) appear available for
regionalized sulfur emission patterns: the Oak Ridge
GAIA data set (spatial resolution: ????) and the Spiro et al. (1992)
data set (spatial resolution: one degree by one degree).

An open (but extremely critical) issue remaining to be resolved is
to identify mechanisms and responsible groups that could provide the
link between the spatial resolution of the new IPCC scenarios sulfur
emissions to whatever final geographical scales required by impact
assessment and climate models.


5. Scenarios and Sulfur Policies

There are two major sets of driving force variable that influence
future sulfur emissions. 1. Level and structure of energy supply and end
use, and 2. degree of sulfur control policies assumed. (Because of the
dominance of energy related sulfur emissions, they should receive
particular attention in the new scenarios. Industrial sources could
be included in the scenarios with much a simpler driving force
model, e.g. coupling to industrial output.)
Ceteris paribus, highest sulfur emissions occur in scenarios of high demand
growth, rapid resource depletion, limited technological change and absence
of sulfur control policies outside OECD countries. In terms of energy
supply structures such scenarios imply a massive use of coal, including
synfuel production. Typical examples would include the IS92e
and IS92f scenarios. Up to ca. 2050 sulfur emissions in such
scenarios roughly grow in line with fossil fuel use and resulting
carbon emissions, i.e. a roughly constant sulfur to carbon emissions
ratio. Post 2050, still in absence of sulfur control policies,
growth rates of sulfur emissions start to fall short of growth in
fossil fuel use due to the internal technology logic of synfuel
production: synfuel production requires prior coal conversion (e.g.
gasification) and removal of sulfur prior to further conversion,
e.g. to synliquids. Ceteris paribus, therefore sulfur emissions
relative to those of carbon decline.

Sulfur emissions are lower in scenarios with 1. lower demand, 2. more
ample resource availability (especially for natural gas), 3. higher
rates of technological change (especially for non-fossil energy
technologies), and 4. extent and timing of direct sulfur control policies
especially outside OECD countries (itself function of projected impacts like
acidification), and finally, 5. level of other environmental control
measures and valuation of environmental goods (e.g. sulfur emissions are
also lower in scenarios imposing limits on GHG emissions).

Next to environmental impacts and policies, there are also other key
relationships that need to be considered for the formulation of
future sulfur scenarios. For instance, the literature on
environmental Kuznets curves (cf. e.g. World Bank, 1992, or
IIASA-WEC, 1995) argues that with increasing affluence and valuation
of environmental goods, sulfur emissions decline. This hypothesis
is corroborated by both longitudinal and cross-sectional empirical
data. Thus, in the process of industrialization and economic development,
emissions rise initially, pass through a maximum (say at income levels
around 2000 $/capita) and decline thereafter with rising per capita incomes
and the resulting preference of cleaner end-use fuels, valuation of clean
environments, etc.

A scenario taxonomy along the dimensions of demand, resource
availability, and technological change in any case is necessary to
respond to the critique on the IS92 series that these important
driving forces were not varied appropriately to reflect both
uncertainty as well as new scientific knowledge and empirical
evidence. They form part of the overall scenario design process and
the scenario ``storylines'' and need not to be addressed
specifically in the work on sulfur emissions.

Separate ``sulfur stories'' could be developed in addition, based on various
relationships between sulfur emissions and levels of affluence,
industrial structure, etc. within the overall framework of the
scenario ``storylines''. Here sulfur emissions would be part of
other environmental policies (e.g. on water quality, urban traffic
related pollutants, etc.) that form integral part of particular
scenario ``storylines''.

A key variable remains the timing and extent of sulfur control
policies to be assumed for the new scenarios. First of all the
scenarios need to reflect changes in actual policies implemented.
As noted above, IS92 did not take full account of recent
environmental legislation in both North America and the second
European sulfur protocol. Secondly, the sulfur policies to be
assumed, need to reflect recent scientific findings, in particular
the very large local and regional impacts on agricultural crops and
ecosystems of unabated high sulfur emission scenarios, particularly
in Asia. Therefore, all scenarios should assume faster and
deeper reductions in sulfur emissions outside OECD countries than
were assumed for IS92 in light of this recent scientific evidence. The
exact timing and extent of such sulfur reduction measures could then
be scenario dependent. Also no specific reference to individual
policy measures would need to be made (to avoid normative policy
elements, or recommendations, in the scenarios), as reduction
profiles could be adopted from existing sulfur reduction scenarios
in the scientific literaursement by UE (Action COST) for the lecturer, but for this I hope to
>have an answer as soon as possible.
>
>Thank you for your answer
>
>Best regards
>
>I'm Bernardo Gozzini and I work with Marco Bindi in the organisation of this
>seminar because Marco in the next week will leave for USA for two months and
>he cannot follow it
>******************************************************************
>Bernardo Gozzini
>Ce.S.I.A.-Accademia dei Georgofili
>Piazzale delle Cascine, 18
>50144 FIRENZE ITALIA
>
>tel: 39 xxx xxxx xxxxxxx xxxx xxxx/ 354897
>fax 39 xxx xxxx xxxxxxx xxxx xxxx
>e-mail: gozzini@xxxxxxxxx.xxx
>******************************************************************
>
>

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From: Eugene Vaganov <evag@xxxxxxxxx.xxx>
To: k.briffa@xxxxxxxxx.xxx
Subject: from Vaganov
Date: Thu, 6 Mar 97 14:40:15 +0000 (KRS)

06.03.97
fAJL partid.txt

2.xxx xxxx xxxxCO
2.xxx xxxx xxxxProfessor
2.xxx xxxx xxxxHead of Group
2.xxx xxxx xxxxM
2.xxx xxxx xxxxFritz
2.6
2.xxx xxxx xxxxSchweingruber
2.8.1 Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape
Research
2.8.2 Department of Ecology
2.8.3 Forest and Climate Research Unit
2.9
2.10 Zuercherstrasse 111
2.11
2.xxx xxxx xxxx
2.13 Birmensdorf
2.14 CH
2.xxx xxxx xxxx
2.xxx xxxx xxxx
2.17 fritz.schweingruber@xxxxxxxxx.xxx
2.xxx xxxx xxxx
2.xxx xxxx xxxx
2.xxx xxxx xxxx
2.xxx xxxx xxxx
2.xxx xxxx xxxx
2.xxx xxxx xxxx
2.xxx xxxx xxxx
2.xxx xxxx xxxx

2.xxx xxxx xxxxCR
2.xxx xxxx xxxxDoctor of Philosophy
2.xxx xxxx xxxxSenior Research Associate
2.xxx xxxx xxxxM
2.xxx xxxx xxxxKeith
2.6
2.xxx xxxx xxxxBriffa
2.8.1 University of East Anglia
2.8.2 School of Environmental Sciences
2.8.3 Climatic Research Unit
2.9
2.10
2.11
2.12 NR4 7TJ
2.13 Norwich
2.14 GB
2.xxx xxxx xxxx90
2.xxx xxxx xxxx84
2.17 k.briffa@xxxxxxxxx.xxx
2.xxx xxxx xxxx
2.xxx xxxx xxxx,000
2.xxx xxxx xxxx
2.xxx xxxx xxxx,000
2.xxx xxxx xxxx,000
2.xxx xxxx xxxx
2.xxx xxxx xxxx
2.xxx xxxx xxxx

2.xxx xxxx xxxxCR
2.xxx xxxx xxxxDoctor of Biological Sciences
2.xxx xxxx xxxxHead of the Laboratory of Dendrochronology
2.xxx xxxx xxxxM
2.xxx xxxx xxxxStepan
2.xxx xxxx xxxxGrigor'evich
2.xxx xxxx xxxxShiyatov
2.8.1 Institute of Plant and Animal Ecology
2.8.2
2.8.3 Laboratory of Dendrochronology
2.xxx xxxx xxxxUral Branch RAS
2.xxx xxxx xxxxMarta Street 202
2.11
2.xxx xxxx xxxx
2.13 Ekaterinburg
2.14 RU
2.xxx xxxx xxxx0
2.xxx xxxx xxxx1
2.17 plant@xxxxxxxxx.xxx
2.xxx xxxx xxxx
2.xxx xxxx xxxx
2.xxx xxxx xxxx
2.xxx xxxx xxxx
2.xxx xxxx xxxx
2.xxx xxxx xxxx
2.xxx xxxx xxxx
2.xxx xxxx xxxx

2.xxx xxxx xxxxCR
2.xxx xxxx xxxxDoctor of Biological Sciences
2.xxx xxxx xxxxDirector of Forest Institute
2.xxx xxxx xxxxM
2.xxx xxxx xxxxEvgeny
2.xxx xxxx xxxxAlexandrovich
2.xxx xxxx xxxxVaganov
2.8.1 Institute of Forest
2.8.2
2.8.3 Laboratory of Dendrochronology
2.xxx xxxx xxxxSiberian Branch RAS
2.10
2.11
2.xxx xxxx xxxx
2.13 Krasnoyarsk
2.14 RU
2.xxx xxxx xxxx9
2.xxx xxxx xxxx6
2.17 evag@xxxxxxxxx.xxx
2.xxx xxxx xxxx
2.xxx xxxx xxxx
2.xxx xxxx xxxx
2.xxx xxxx xxxx
2.xxx xxxx xxxx
2.xxx xxxx xxxx
2.xxx xxxx xxxx
2.xxx xxxx xxxx


fAJL power.txt

"MULTI-MILLENNIAL-LENGTH DENDROCLIMATIC RECONSTRUCTIONS AT
HIGH-LATITUDE REGIONS OF SIBERIA".



By signing this declaration, I certify that the information given
in this proposal relating to me and the team I represent is to
the best of my knowledge true and complete. I have been involved
in the preparation of the full proposal and I agree with its
contents. I am fully authorised to commit myself and the team I
represent to be ready to set up and execute all tasks, duties and
obligations assigned to us in this research proposal, if
selected.



I hereby authorise the co-ordinator as lawful attorney and
administrator and empower him to act all of the necessary actions
to administrate validly the herein said rights on behalf of me in
case the proposal should be selected by INTAS, inter alia, to
negotiate and to conclude the co-operation agreement, as well as
any amendments, variations or additions to the co-operation
agreement on my behalf.



Laboratory of Dendrochronology
Institute of Forest SB RAS
Krasnoyarsk



Dr.Eugene A.Vaganov

5 March, 1997


fAJL projid.txt

1.1 Multi-millennial-length dendroclimatic reconstructions
at high-latitude regions of Siberia.
1.2 5
1.xxx xxxx xxxx
1.4 36
1.5 Oct-97
1.6 4
1.xxx xxxx xxxx

By signing this proposal, I certify that the information given in
this proposal is the best of my knowledge, true and complete as
received from all project participants; that all participants
were involved in the preparation, agree with this project
proposal and have declared themselves ready to perform the
project as proposed in case of selection.

I am fully authorised to commit myself and the team I represent
to be ready to set up and execute all tasks, duties and
obligations assigned to us in this research proposal and I am
ready to act as the co-ordinator of the project.

The proposal contains ..... pages.


PROJECT CO-ORDINATOR First name and family name:
Fritz Schweingruber


Date: ..... March,1xxx xxxx xxxxOriginal signature:


fAJL sum.txt

4.1. TITLE OF THE PROJECT
Multi-millennial-length dendroclimaticreconstructions
at high-latitude regions of Siberia

4.2. SUMMARY
This research will make a major contribution to our knowledge of
high-resolution climate variability at high latitudes of Western
and Middle Siberia throughout the Holocene using the unique
potential of tree-ring data.

The specific objectives of this proposal are the development of
two supra-long (each spanning xxx xxxx xxxxyears up to present)
continuous larch ring-width chronologies at two distant each
other high-latitude locations of Siberia (Yamal and Taimyr
peninsulas). Ring-width chronologies developed from coniferous
trees growing at the polar timberline in Siberia contain a very
strong climatic signal, mainly summer air temperatures. With
these chronologies high-resolution continuous and quantitative
reconstruction of summer temperatures will be made.

As in the areas of the past and present polar and upper
timberlines trees megafossils have been preserved properly in
large quantities in the Holocene deposits (alluvial, lacustrine
and peat), there is a good possibility to develop continuous,
multi-millennial tree-ring chronologies.

Now the material already collected and measured (1800 subfossil
wood samples from Yamal and 280 samples from Taimyr) has yielded
the ring-width chronologies continuously spanning the last 3200
years (Yamal) and 950 years (Taimyr).

However, there are also many more samples that have been measured
and have provided data, now assembled in a number of provisionally
"floating" chronologies covering much of the period from 7000 to
1700 B.C. (based on some 70 radiocarbon dates of samples of this
wood). There is a fair chance that a xxx xxxx xxxxyear continuous
chronologies will be constructed within the span of the proposed
project.

These chronologies and temperature reconstructions will be the
first to be so long, reliable, annually-resolved and
precisely-dated with known reliability across the whole of
northern Hemisphere. These reconstructions will allow to compare
and contrast the details of temperature changes at the
moderate-continental region of Yamal Peninsula with the
continental region of Taimyr Peninsula and allow modern and
predicted temperature patterns to be compared with variability
patterns of pre-industrial era. Participants of the proposed
project are the well-known institutions which are engaged in the
field of dendrochronology and dendroclimatology and have
collaborated with each other during the last 6 years.



fAJL workpro.txt

3.1 TITLE
Multi-millennial-length dendroclimatic reconstructions
at high-latitude regions of Siberia

3.2 OBJECTIVES
This research will make a major contribution to our knoweledge of
high-resolution climate variability at high latitudes of Western
and Middle Siberia throughout the Holocene using the unique
potential of tree-ring data.

The specific objectives of this proposal are as follows:
- to develop two supra-long (each spanning xxx xxxx xxxxyears up to
present) continuous ring-width larch chronologies at two
high-latitude locations of Siberia;
- using these tree-ring chronologies, tomake a multi-millennial
high-resolution continuous and quantitative reconstruction of
summer temperatures;
- to analyse spatio-temporal patterns of temperature variability
at these locations over a range of timescales (annual, decadal,
multi-decadal and centennial) and their connections with various
forcing factors and other annual resolution records being
developed elsewhere in the Arctic and Subarctic.

3.3. BACKGROUND
Reconstruction and analysis of natural climatic changes through
the whole Holocene at high latitudes are of great importance as
climatic conditions, especially air temperature, are most
variable and sensitive to various forcing functions (Budyko,
1980; Jones and Kelly, 1983; Intergovernmental Panel on Climate
Change, 1990). However, there are a minute quantity of long,
precisely-dated and high-resolution proxy climatic series for
these regions.

The territory of Yamal Peninsula located on the eastern boundary
of influence of the Atlantic air masses and the territory of the
eastern part of Taimyr Peninsula located between the Arctic High
and Siberian High are of major importance for monitoring regional
and global-mean air temperatures and assessing theories and
models concerned with past, current and future climate changes
(Lamb, 1977; Briffa and Jones, 1993; Moses et al., 1987).

Tree rings as a proxy indicator of the past climatic conditions
are of special interest as they allow to reconstruct climatic
parameters with seasonal and annual resolution for many hundred
and thousand years, to provide an exact absolute and relative
dating of the tree-ring data, to establish high-frequency climate
changes (from interannual to centennial timescales) with high
confidence, to obtain dendroclimatic information practically for
every site where trees grow at present or grew in the past.

Intensive dendroclimatic investigations are carrying out in many
countries and regions, mainly in temperate and subtropic zones
(Fritts, 1976, 1991 ). At high latitudes such works began later
(during the last two decades) and living trees were used
primarily for developing tree-ring chronologies of xxx xxxx xxxxyears
long (Aniol and Eckstein, 1984; Shiyatov, 1984, 1986; Jacoby and
D'Arrigo, 1989; Schweingruber, Briffa and Nogler, 1993; Briffa,
Jones, Schweingruber, Shiyatov and Vaganov,1996; Jacoby, Wiles,
D'Arrigo, 1996; Vaganov, Shiyatov and Mazepa, 1996). As in the
areas of the past and present polar and upper timberlines trees
megafossils have been preserved properly in large quantities on
the surface and in the Holocene deposits (alluvial, lacustrine
and peat), there is a possibility to develop continuous,
multi-millennium and sensitive to climate tree-ring chronologies.
Such works began in the Polar Ural Mountains (Shiyatov, 1986;
Graybill and Shiyatov, 1992; Briffa, Jones, Schweingruber,
Shiyatov and Cook, 1995), in the southern part of Yamal Peninsula
(Shiyatov, Surkov, 1980; Hantemirov, 1995), in Finnish Lapland
and Northern Sweden (Zetterberg, Eronen and Briffa, 1995), in
the eastern part of Taimyr Peninsula (Vaganov, Naurazbaev,
Schweingruber and Briffa, in press) and in the Lower Indigirka
River at present. Now the longest, continuous and absolute-dated
ring-width chronologies developed for the Yamal Peninsula
(spanning 3200 years) and for the Northern Scandinavia (spanning
2160 years) and the "floating" chronologies dated by the
radiocarbon method extended back 9500 and over 7000 years
respectively.

Ring-width chronologies developed from coniferous trees growing
at the polar timberline in moderate-continental and continental
regions of Siberia contain a very strong climatic signal, mainly
summer air temperatures of tree growth year (Graybill and
Shiyatov, 1992; Briffa, Jones, Schweingruber, Shiyatov and Cook,
1995; Hantemirov, 1995; Vaganov, Shiyatov and Mazepa, 1996).The
explained variance over the calibration and verification periods
is highest reported in the literature to date (65-70%) and it
allows to make a quantitative reconstructions of summer
temperatures. These chronologies and temperature reconstructions
will be the first to be so long, reliable, annually-resolved and
precisely-dated with known reliability across the whole of
northern Hemisphere. These reconstructions will allow to compare
and contrast the details of temperature changes at the
moderate-continental region of Yamal Peninsula with the
continental region of Taimyr Peninsula and allow modern and
predicted temperature patterns to be compared with variability
patterns of pre-industrial era.

Participants of the proposed project are the well-known
institutions which are engaged in the field of dendrochronology
and dendroclimatology and have collaborated with each other
during the last 6 years.

- The Group of Tree-Ring and Site of the Swiss Federal Institute
for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research (Birmensdorf,
Switzerland). The Group is currently engaged on a major programme
of densitometric and ring-width chronology development involving
many sites across the whole of the Northern Hemisphere including
sites with living trees in the polar timberline area of Russia.
This work is specifically designed to provide
climatically-sensitive data for use in large spatial climate
reconstruction work. Dr. F.H.Schweingruber, Head of the Group, is
known throughout the world for his work in wood anatomy and
dendrochronology and the development of tree-ring densitometry.
He has published extensively in different areas of wood anatomy
and tree-growth research and has authored several classic books.

- The Laboratory of Dendrochronology of the Institute of Plant
and Animal Ecology of the Russian Academy of Sciences,
Ekaterinburg, Russia is one of the leading laboratory in the
field of dendrochronology in Russia. The Laboratory has an
international reputation for its work on the developing
ring-width chronologies at high latitudes and altitudes,
reconstruction of climatic conditions, developing long-term
chronologies, studying cycles in tree-ring series, using
tree-ring data for studies of the upper and polar timberlines
dynamics and forest succession. Dr. S.G.Shiyatov, Head of the
Laboratory, is one of the pioneers of dendrochronology in Russia
and has worked for more than 30 years in the Far North and
mountains of the Urals, Siberia, Far East and Middle Asia. He has
published more than 130 articles and three monographs. Dr.
Shiyatov was the first who began to collect subfossil wood in
Russia for developing long-term chronologies.

- The Laboratory of Dendrochronology of the Institute of Forest
of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Krasnoyarsk, Russia is
another leading laboratory in the field of dendrochronology in
Russia. Dr. E.A.Vaganov, Director of the Institute of Forest and
Head of the Laboratory of Dendrochronology, has an international
reputation for his work on the cell structure of wood lyers of
coniferous trees, seasonal growth variations and cambium
activity, developing simulation models of seasonal tree growth,
developing ring-width and cell chronologies, reconstructing
climatic conditions of the past using tree-ring chronologies. He
has published more than 100 articles and 5 monographs.

- The Climatic Research Unit of the University of East Anglia,
Norwich, Great Britain is one of the world's leading research
organisation specialising in the study of climate change: climate
history, current climates, projected changes and impacts. Dr.
K.R.Briffa, Senior Research Associate at the Climatic Research
Unit, has considerable experience in climatology and with the use
of statistical methods of climate analyses and dendroclimatic
reconstruction, especially with regard to large-spatial-scale
reconstructions of climate patterns and published many articles
on the theoretical and practical aspects of dendrochronology and
dendroclimatology, and on use of paleoclimate data for
understanding current and possible future climates.

3.4 SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION

3.4.1. RESEARCH ACTIVITIES
Tree-ring data will be obtained from living trees and subfossil
wood of Siberian larch (Larix sibirica Ledeb.) in western Siberia
and Gmelini larch (Larix Gmelini Pilger) in central Siberia. The
first location is situated in the southern part of Yamal
Peninsula xxx xxxx xxxxN, xxx xxxx xxxxE), the second location in the eastern
part of Taimyr Peninsula xxx xxxx xxxxN, xxx xxxx xxxxE). There is a great
many properly preserved subfossil wood in the Holocene deposits
at both locations, mainly in the alluvial and peat deposits.

The main variable measured will be ring width. This variable
reflects properly climate influences on tree growth at the polar
timberline areas of Siberia having a continental climate.

Ring-width chronologies for the last xxx xxxx xxxxyears will be
developed from the oldest living trees. Extensions to these
chronologies back further in time will be made by using subfossil
material, joined with the living material by standard crossdating
procedures. High-precision radiocarbon dates will be used for
rough dating of "floating" tree-ring chronologies.

The sampling subfossil wood and development of the Yamal's
supra-long chronology began since 1982 by the workers of the
Laboratory of Dendrochronology (Ekaterinburg). Most intensively
this work was carried out during the last five years. Now the
material already collected and measured (1800 subfossil wood
cuts) has yielded the ring-width chronology continuously spanning
the last 3200 years. However, there are also many more samples
that have been measured and have provided data, now assembled in
a number of provisionally "floating" chronologies covering much
of the period from 7000 to 1700 B.C. (based on some 45
radiocarbon dates of samples of this wood). These chronologies
separated by 50 to 500 year length gaps. There is a fair chance
that a 9000-year continuous chronology will be constructed for
this location within the span of the proposed project.

Similarly, work with a shorter history than the Yamal's research
has clearly established potential to build a chronology at least
as long in the Taimyr Peninsula where the modern polar timberline
extends to about 72830'N, most northern over the world. This work
is not so advanced as in Yamal, but the work to date suggests
that very rapid progress is likely. Samples from living and dead
trees have already been assembled at the Laboratory of
Dendrochronology (Krasnoyarsk) into the 950-year continuous
chronology. The collections from this location are not so
extensive as those made to date at Yamal (280 subfossil wood
samples), but there is an abundant supply of subfossil trees,
many with over 300 annual rings. 25 radiocarbon dates of samples
of this material suggest major phases of tree growth around 8500
B.P. and 5000 B.P. The general distribution of the radiocarbon
dates suggests that, eventually, sufficient trees can probably be
located to span the whole of the last 10000 years. It is not
expected that a continuous 10000-year ring-width chronology will
be produced within timeframe of this project. However, there are
good prospects of producing a xxx xxxx xxxxyear chronology to the
present.

3.4.2 RESEARCH RESULTS
During three years we expect to develop the continuous and
good-replicated tree-ring 9000-year larch chronology for the
Yamal Peninsula and the xxx xxxx xxxxyear larch chronology for the
Taimyr Peninsula. Using these chronologies we intend to
reconstruct and analyse a summer temperature variation at several
time scales (annual, decadal, multi-decadal and centennial) and
compare the data obtained with other high-resolution
Holocene-length proxy data (ice cores, laminated sediments,
historical documents).

The results of this project will be published primarily in the
scientific literature in Russian and English and presented at
different national and international conferences. Because of the
fundamental interdisciplinarity and collaborative interaction
within the subgroups, a number of multi-authored papers will be
produced. The individual and mean ring-width chronologies and the
reconstructions produced will be distributed to the international
scientific community through submission to the International
Tree-Ring Data Bank (Boulder, Colorado, USA) and to other
national and international institutions and data centres.

3.5 MANAGEMENT INFORMATION

3.5.1 TASK DIVISION
Dr F.H.Schweingruber (Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow
and Landscape Research) will be the project co-ordinator on the
proposed project from the INTAS countries.

Dr S.G.Shiyatov (Institute of Plant and Animal Ecology) will be
the responsible scientist on the proposed project and he will
take part in collecting, dating, developing and analysing the
multi-millennial ring-width chronology at the area of Yamal
Peninsula. The next young scientists of the Institute will be
involved in the project:
Rashit M. Hantemirov, Candidate of Biological Sciences,
34 years old. He will take part in collecting, cross-dating
and analysing the material.
Alexander Yu. Surkov, technician, 30 years old. He will take part
in collecting, preparing and measuring the subfossil wood samples.

Dr E.A.Vaganov (Institute of Forest) will be the responsible
scientist on the proposed project and he will take part in
collecting, dating, developing and analysing the multi-millennial
ring-width chronology at the area of Taimyr Peninsula. The next
young scientists will be involved in the project:
Mukhtar M. Naurazbaev, junior research fellow,35 years old.
He will take part in collecting, preparing, measuring, cross-
dating and analysing the material.
Alexander V.Kirdyanov, post-graduate, 25 years old.
He will take part in data processing, density measurements,
chronology analysis.
Dmitry V.Ovchinnikov, post-graduate, 26 years old.
He will take part in cross-dating, data processing,
chronology analysis.

Dr K.R.Briffa (Climatic Research Unit) will be the responsible
scientist on the proposed project and he will take part in
analysing growth-climate relationships, developing statistical
models of tree growth, extracting climatic signal, reconstructing
and analysing climatic conditions of the remote past.

3.5.2 PLANNING
To carry-out the objectives of this proposal the workers of the
Russian laboratories will carry out an intensive collecting
subfossil wood during summers of 1xxx xxxx xxxxat two high-latitude
locations (Yamal and Taimyr peninsulas) using helicopters, boats
and ships. To finish the development of the Yamal chronology it
is necessary to collect additionally no less than xxx xxxx xxxxcuts of
subfossil wood. Much more intensive collecting (xxx xxxx xxxxcuts for
two field seasons) is needed to develop the Taimyr chronology.
All samples collected during these two years and earlier will be
measured and cross-dated at Ekaterinburg and Krasnoyarsk
laboratories until the middle of 1999.

The Russian laboratories together with the Climatic Research Unit
of the University of East Anglia during 1xxx xxxx xxxxwill be
analysing the material obtained (standardization of individual
series, development of mean chronologies, studying growth-climate
relationships, developing statistical models of tree growth,
extracting climatic signal, reconstructing and analysing climatic
conditions of the remote past). This work will be finished at the
end of 1999.

3.5.3 EQUIPMENT
Participants of the proposed project have the necessary equipment
for fieldwork, measuring equipment and compatible software.

3.5.4 SCIENTIFIC REFERENCES
Briffa, K.R., Jones, P.D., Schweingruber, F.H., Shiyatov, S.G.
and Cook, E.R. Unusual twentieth-century summer warmth in a
1,000-year temperature record from Siberia. Nature, 1995, Vol.
376, 13 July, xxx xxxx xxxx.

Briffa, K.R., Jones, P.D., Schweingruber, F.H., Shiyatov, S.G.,
Vaganov, E.A. Development of a North Eurasian chronology network:
Rationale and preliminary results of comparative ring-width and
densitimetric analyses in Northern Russia. Radiocarbon, 1996,
25-41.

Hantemirov, R.M. A 2,305 year tree-ring reconstruction of mean
June-July temperature deviations in the Yamal Peninsula.
Publication of the Academy of Finland,1995, 6, xxx xxxx xxxx.

Shiyatov, S.G., Mazepa, V.S., Vaganov, E.A., Schweingruber, F.H.
Summer temperature variations reconstructed by tree-ring Data at
the polar timberline in Siberia. Radiocarbon, 1996, 61-70.

Vaganov, E.A., Shiyatov, S.G., Mazepa, V.S. Dendroclimatic Study
in Ural-Siberian Subarctic. Novosibirsk: "Nauka", Siberian
Publishing Firm RAS, 1996, 246 pp. (in Russian).

Original Filename: 860182002.txt | Return to the index page | Permalink | Earlier Emails | Later Emails

From: Keith Briffa <k.briffa@xxxxxxxxx.xxx>
To: m.salmon@uea
Subject: from Rashit
Date: Fri Apr 4 14:26:xxx xxxx xxxx

>To: k.briffa@xxxxxxxxx.xxx
>Organization: ECOLOGY INSTITUTE
>From: "Tatiana M. Dedkova" <tatm@xxxxxxxxx.xxx>
>Date: Mon, 9 Dec 96 14:19:37 +0500
>Return-Receipt-To: tatm@xxxxxxxxx.xxx
>Subject: from Rashit
>Return-Receipt-To: tatm@xxxxxxxxx.xxx
>Lines: 106
>
>Dear Keith,
>we received your letters concerning our paper for Dendrochronologia
>and three long chronologies.
>1. As regards individual ring width data of living trees from
>Yamal we would remind you that you have them. Stepan gave to you
>in England one diskette. There are data for Larix sibirica from
>three sites (KHA - from Khadyta river, 67812'N 69850'E; JAH -
>from Yahody river 67807'N 69854'E and POR - from Portsa river
>67827'N 71800'E) and for Picea obovata from two points (SCH -
>Shtshutshya river 66849'N 69850'E and KHD - from Khadyta river
>67807'N 69854'E).
>2. We would be very gratefull if you can do some corrections and
>additions in the paper for Dendrochronologia. We did not quite
>understand what we have to do on missing rings? Just enumerate
>years when missing rings occur? If so, these are following years:
>
> Year absent % ind % Year absent % ind %
>-1xxx xxxx xxxxof xxx xxxx xxxx% xxx xxxx xxxxof xxx xxxx xxxx% 31
>-1xxx xxxx xxxxof xxx xxxx xxxx% xxx xxxx xxxxof xxx xxxx xxxx% 31
>-1xxx xxxx xxxxof xxx xxxx xxxx% xxx xxxx xxxxof xxx xxxx xxxx% 33
>-1xxx xxxx xxxxof xxx xxxx xxxx% xxx xxxx xxxxof xxx xxxx xxxx% 38
>-1xxx xxxx xxxxof xxx xxxx xxxx% xxx xxxx xxxxof xxx xxxx xxxx% 67
>-1xxx xxxx xxxxof xxx xxxx xxxx% xxx xxxx xxxxof xxx xxxx xxxx% 12
>-1xxx xxxx xxxxof xxx xxxx xxxx% xxx xxxx xxxxof xxx xxxx xxxx% 10
>-1xxx xxxx xxxxof xxx xxxx xxxx% xxx xxxx xxxxof xxx xxxx xxxx% 14
> -xxx xxxx xxxxof xxx xxxx xxxx% xxx xxxx xxxxof xxx xxxx xxxx% 34
> -xxx xxxx xxxxof xxx xxxx xxxx% xxx xxxx xxxxof xxx xxxx xxxx% 12
> -xxx xxxx xxxxof xxx xxxx xxxx% xxx xxxx xxxxof xxx xxxx xxxx% 30
> -xxx xxxx xxxxof xxx xxxx xxxx% xxx xxxx xxxxof xxx xxxx xxxx% 25
> -xxx xxxx xxxxof xxx xxxx xxxx% xxx xxxx xxxxof xxx xxxx xxxx% 61
> -xxx xxxx xxxxof xxx xxxx xxxx% xxx xxxx xxxxof xxx xxxx xxxx% 59
> -xxx xxxx xxxxof xxx xxxx xxxx% xxx xxxx xxxxof xxx xxxx xxxx% 28
> -xxx xxxx xxxxof xxx xxxx xxxx% xxx xxxx xxxxof xxx xxxx xxxx% 28
> -xxx xxxx xxxxof xxx xxxx xxxx% xxx xxxx xxxxof xxx xxxx xxxx% 8
> -xxx xxxx xxxxof xxx xxxx xxxx% xxx xxxx xxxxof xxx xxxx xxxx% 28
> -xxx xxxx xxxxof xxx xxxx xxxx% xxx xxxx xxxxof xxx xxxx xxxx% 36
> -xxx xxxx xxxxof xxx xxxx xxxx% xxx xxxx xxxxof xxx xxxx xxxx% 15
> -xxx xxxx xxxxof xxx xxxx xxxx% xxx xxxx xxxxof xxx xxxx xxxx% 44
> -xxx xxxx xxxxof xxx xxxx xxxx% xxx xxxx xxxxof xxx xxxx xxxx% 18
> -xxx xxxx xxxxof xxx xxxx xxxx% xxx xxxx xxxxof xxx xxxx xxxx% 58
> -xxx xxxx xxxxof xxx xxxx xxxx% xxx xxxx xxxxof xxx xxxx xxxx% 18
> -xxx xxxx xxxxof xxx xxxx xxxx% xxx xxxx xxxxof xxx xxxx xxxx% 53
> -xxx xxxx xxxxof xxx xxxx xxxx% xxx xxxx xxxxof xxx xxxx xxxx% 8
> -xxx xxxx xxxxof xxx xxxx xxxx% xxx xxxx xxxxof xxx xxxx xxxx% 14
> -xxx xxxx xxxxof xxx xxxx xxxx% xxx xxxx xxxxof xxx xxxx xxxx% 38
> -xxx xxxx xxxxof xxx xxxx xxxx% xxx xxxx xxxxof xxx xxxx xxxx% 9
> -xxx xxxx xxxxof xxx xxxx xxxx% xxx xxxx xxxxof xxx xxxx xxxx% 20
> -xxx xxxx xxxxof xxx xxxx xxxx% xxx xxxx xxxxof xxx xxxx xxxx% 24
> -xxx xxxx xxxxof xxx xxxx xxxx% xxx xxxx xxxxof xxx xxxx xxxx% 30
> -xxx xxxx xxxxof xxx xxxx xxxx% xxx xxxx xxxxof xxx xxxx xxxx% 10
> -xxx xxxx xxxxof xxx xxxx xxxx% xxx xxxx xxxxof xxx xxxx xxxx% xxx xxxx xxxxliving
> -xxx xxxx xxxxof xxx xxxx xxxx% xxx xxxx xxxxof xxx xxxx xxxx% xxx xxxx xxxxof 16 6%
> xxx xxxx xxxxof xxx xxxx xxxx% xxx xxxx xxxx xxx xxxx xxxxof 16 6%
> xxx xxxx xxxxof xxx xxxx xxxx% xxx xxxx xxxx xxx xxxx xxxxof 20 5%
> xxx xxxx xxxxof xxx xxxx xxxx% xxx xxxx xxxx xxx xxxx xxxxof 20 10%
> xxx xxxx xxxxof xxx xxxx xxxx% xxx xxxx xxxxof xxx xxxx xxxx% xxx xxxx xxxxof 20 5%
> xxx xxxx xxxxof xxx xxxx xxxx% xxx xxxx xxxx xxx xxxx xxxxof 20 15%
> xxx xxxx xxxxof xxx xxxx xxxx% xxx xxxx xxxx xxx xxxx xxxxof 20 5%
> xxx xxxx xxxxof xxx xxxx xxxx% xxx xxxx xxxx xxx xxxx xxxxof 21 5%
> xxx xxxx xxxxof xxx xxxx xxxx% xxx xxxx xxxx xxx xxxx xxxxof 21 5%
> xxx xxxx xxxxof xxx xxxx xxxx% xxx xxxx xxxx xxx xxxx xxxxof 22 5%
> xxx xxxx xxxxof xxx xxxx xxxx% xxx xxxx xxxx xxx xxxx xxxxof 22 5%
> xxx xxxx xxxxof xxx xxxx xxxx% xxx xxxx xxxx xxx xxxx xxxxof 22 5%
> xxx xxxx xxxxof xxx xxxx xxxx% xxx xxxx xxxx xxx xxxx xxxxof 22 5%
> xxx xxxx xxxxof xxx xxxx xxxx% xxx xxxx xxxx xxx xxxx xxxxof 22 5%
> xxx xxxx xxxxof xxx xxxx xxxx% xxx xxxx xxxx xxx xxxx xxxxof 22 5%
> xxx xxxx xxxxof xxx xxxx xxxx% xxx xxxx xxxx xxx xxxx xxxxof 22 5%
> xxx xxxx xxxxof xxx xxxx xxxx% xxx xxxx xxxx xxx xxxx xxxxof 22 5%
> xxx xxxx xxxxof xxx xxxx xxxx% xxx xxxx xxxx xxx xxxx xxxxof 22 5%
> xxx xxxx xxxxof xxx xxxx xxxx% xxx xxxx xxxxof xxx xxxx xxxx% xxx xxxx xxxxof 22 73%
> xxx xxxx xxxxof xxx xxxx xxxx% xxx xxxx xxxx xxx xxxx xxxxof 22 5%
> xxx xxxx xxxxof xxx xxxx xxxx% xxx xxxx xxxxof xxx xxxx xxxx% xxx xxxx xxxxof 22 64%
> xxx xxxx xxxxof xxx xxxx xxxx% xxx xxxx xxxx xxx xxxx xxxxof 22 27%
> xxx xxxx xxxxof xxx xxxx xxxx% xxx xxxx xxxxof xxx xxxx xxxx% xxx xxxx xxxxof 22 55%
> xxx xxxx xxxxof xxx xxxx xxxx% xxx xxxx xxxxof xxx xxxx xxxx% 66
> l i v i n g
> 1xxx xxxx xxxxof xxx xxxx xxxx% 38
> 1xxx xxxx xxxxof xxx xxxx xxxx% 47
> 1xxx xxxx xxxxof xxx xxxx xxxx% 28
> 1xxx xxxx xxxxof xxx xxxx xxxx% 31
> 1xxx xxxx xxxxof xxx xxxx xxxx% 49
> 1xxx xxxx xxxxof xxx xxxx xxxx% 21
> 1xxx xxxx xxxxof xxx xxxx xxxx% 39
> 1xxx xxxx xxxxof xxx xxxx xxxx% 50
> 1xxx xxxx xxxxof xxx xxxx xxxx% 29
> 1xxx xxxx xxxxof xxx xxxx xxxx% 28
> 1xxx xxxx xxxxof xxx xxxx xxxx% 20
> 1xxx xxxx xxxxof xxx xxxx xxxx% 32
> 1xxx xxxx xxxxof xxx xxxx xxxx% 46
> 1xxx xxxx xxxxof xxx xxxx xxxx% 45
> 1xxx xxxx xxxxof xxx xxxx xxxx% 46
> 1xxx xxxx xxxxof xxx xxxx xxxx% 40
> 1xxx xxxx xxxxof xxx xxxx xxxx% 102
> 1xxx xxxx xxxxof xxx xxxx xxxx% 50
> 1xxx xxxx xxxxof xxx xxxx xxxx% 40
>
>We have to note that frequency of missing rings on increment
>cores of living trees higher, because on samples of subfossil
>trees we try to find this kind of rings on whole disc.
>Some periods are notable for missing rings: xxx xxxx xxxxBC, 882 BC,
>143 AD, xxx xxxx xxxxAD (especially 640 AD), xxx xxxx xxxxAD, 1453 AD
>and beginning of 1800th AD.
>3. Stepan ask what about book by Bailey?
>Best wishes,
>Rashit
>
>

Original Filename: 862839883.txt | Return to the index page | Permalink | Earlier Emails | Later Emails

From: "Tatiana M. Dedkova" <tatm@xxxxxxxxx.xxx>
To: k.briffa@xxxxxxxxx.xxx
Subject: from Shiyatov
Date: Mon, 5 May 97 09:44:43 +0500

Dear Keith,

After our long silence we would like inform you about our
sucesses, problems and plans.

1. The main success to our mind is the next. We have filled up
the gap (1xxx xxxx xxxxBC) between the absolutely dated 3250-year
Yamal chronology and the nearest floating chronology. It was
happened few weeks ago using samples collected in 1996. Now
there are no obstacles to develop in the nearest future the
7xxx xxxx xxxxyear length continuous chronology. Now we are
working with ancient samples: searching the places of missing
and false rings, making more precise datings of individual
chronologies and so on. During this time interval we have some
problems. For example, no more samples were found up to now to
confirm the absence of false ring near 360 BC.

2. This summer we intend to hold an expedition from the end of
June to the middle of August in the southern part of Yamal
peninsula to collect more samples of subfossil wood which have
a great many of rings, are sensitive and cover the intervals
represented by insufficient quantity of samples at present. We
think that during this field season we must collect a necessary
quantity of samples to develop a well represented 7xxx xxxx xxxx
years chronology. Next year we intend to collect subfossil
samples of wood from the middle part of Yamal peninsula to
reconstruct the dynamics of polar timberline during the
Holocene in detail using a large number of tree remnants
absolutely dated by dendrochronological method.

2. This year we have a small grant the from the Russsian
Science Foundation for developing the Yamal supra-long
chronology (approximately 4000 USD). But we are not sure
that all this sum we will receive. For example, last year we
have received 37% from the promised sum of money. As cost of
helicopter's rent is increased again this year (about $ 2.000
for one hour), we have the problem how to reach our research
area in the Yamal peninsula. E. Vaganov have the same problem
with organisation of field works over the territory of Taimyr
peninsula. That is why we and E.Vaganov ask you to transfer
each of us 7-8.000 USD until the end of June from the ADVANCE
project, if it is possible. Last summer, when I was in England,
you promised to help us with money to organise field works this
year.

3. I am finishing a measurements of rings of subfossil wood
samples collected last year on the surface and in one lake
and some bogs in the Polar Ural Mountains. I found a little
more ancient wood (not all samples are dated until now) and
can prolong this chronology at least up to one hundred years.
This summer I will be in the mountains and try to collect
wood from other lakes. I want to develop the Polar Urals
chronology for the last 2.000 years.

4. Now we are preparing the paper concerning Yamal project
in Russian and we need to cite the paper prepared for
Dendrochronologia in English. Could you send to us the last
version of this articles by e-mail or by post?

We wish you and your family the best. We wish the same to
Phil Jones and his family.

Sincerely yours
Stepan Shiyatov and Rashit Hantemirov

Original Filename: 865941506.txt | Return to the index page | Permalink | Earlier Emails | Later Emails

From: "Isaak M. Khalatnikov" <khalat@xxxxxxxxx.xxx>
To: k.briffa@xxxxxxxxx.xxx
Subject: Keith Briffa
Date: Tue, 10 Jun 97 07:18:26 +0400 (MSD)


Dear Keith,

Thank you for the message of 5 June, 1997.

I am anderstanding your difficulties with transfering money and I
think the best way for us if you will bring money to Krasnoyarsk
and I give you a receipt.

Rashit will go to Yamal at the end of June and I go to the Polar
Urals at the beginnind of July. We can find money temporary at our
Institute and other sources for three months to fulfill our fieldworks.
Now I am at two weeks holiday with my wife and granddother near Moscow
after the meeting of Russian Academy of Sciences where E.Vaganov was
elected as the Academician. It is important for dendrochronological
srudies at our country and international collaboration.

Sincerely yours Stepan Shiyatov

Original Filename: 866572566.txt | Return to the index page | Permalink | Earlier Emails | Later Emails

From: "Tatiana M. Dedkova" <tatm@xxxxxxxxx.xxx>
To: k.briffa@xxxxxxxxx.xxx
Subject: from Shiyatov
Date: Tue, 17 Jun 97 14:36:06 +0500

Dear Keith,

I am not sure you received my message sent the last week from
Moscow. Therefore I decided to repeat it.

Thank you for the message of 5 June,1997.

I am anderstanding your difficulties with transfering money and I
think the best way for us if you will bring money to Krasnoyarsk
and I give you a receipt.

Rashit will go to Yamal at the end of June and I go to the Polar
Urals at the beginning of July. We can find money temporary at our
Institute and other sources for three months to fulfill our fieldworks.
Now I am at two weeks holiday with my wife and grand-daughter near Moscow
after the meeting of Russian Academy of Sciences where E.Vaganov was
elected as the Academician of RAS. It is important for dendrochronological
studies at our country and international collaboration.

Sincerely yours Stepan Shiyatov